AP Bio - 3rd Six Weeks Exam 24-25 - 17 Dec 24

Front

What is transcription in the context of molecular biology?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the information in a DNA sequence is copied into a complementary RNA sequence, specifically mRNA.

Front

Define heterochromatin.

Back

Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA, also known as condensed DNA, which is generally transcriptionally inactive.

Front

What is mismatch repair in DNA replication?

Back

Mismatch repair is a form of DNA repair in which non-complementary nucleotides are recognized, excised, and replaced with correct nucleotides.

Front

True or False: Enzymes are involved in DNA replication, and helicase unwinds mRNA strands.

Back

False. Helicase unwinds DNA strands, not mRNA.

Front

What role does ligase play in DNA replication?

Back

Ligase is an enzyme that joins DNA fragments on the lagging strand during DNA replication.

Front

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing RNA from a DNA template during transcription.

Front

Explain the difference between DNA and RNA.

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the significance of the promoter region in transcription?

Back

The promoter region is a specific sequence of DNA that signals the start of transcription and is where RNA polymerase binds.

Front

Define the term 'nucleotide'.

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, synthesizing proteins by linking amino acids in the order specified by mRNA.