Unit 3.2 Observational Study vs. Experiment

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What is an Observational Study?

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An Observational Study is a research method where the researcher observes and records behavior or outcomes without manipulating any variables. It does not involve any intervention.

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What is an Experiment?

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An Experiment is a research method where the researcher manipulates one or more variables to determine their effect on a dependent variable. It often involves random assignment to different groups.

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What is the main difference between an Observational Study and an Experiment?

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The main difference is that in an Observational Study, the researcher does not intervene or manipulate variables, while in an Experiment, the researcher actively manipulates variables to observe effects.

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Can we conclude causation from an Observational Study?

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No, we cannot conclude causation from an Observational Study because it does not control for other variables that may influence the outcome.

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What is random assignment in an Experiment?

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Random assignment is the process of assigning participants to different groups in a way that each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group, helping to eliminate bias.

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Why is sample size important in research?

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Sample size is important because a larger sample size can provide more reliable and valid results, reducing the margin of error and increasing the generalizability of the findings.

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What is a dependent variable?

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A dependent variable is the outcome or response that is measured in an experiment to see if it is affected by changes in the independent variable.

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What is an independent variable?

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An independent variable is the variable that is manipulated or changed in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.

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What does it mean to control variables in an Experiment?

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Controlling variables means keeping all other variables constant except for the independent variable to ensure that any changes in the dependent variable are due to the manipulation of the independent variable.

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What is a control group?

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A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or intervention, serving as a baseline to compare the effects of the independent variable.