Earth and Space Science CAST prep

Front

What is thermal convection?

Back

Thermal convection is the process by which warmer, less dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks, creating a cycle of movement. This process is commonly observed in fluids, such as water.

Front

How does increased atmospheric CO2 affect ocean pH?

Back

Increased atmospheric CO2 leads to more CO2 dissolving in ocean water, forming carbonic acid, which decreases the pH of the ocean.

Front

What are the characteristics of coal power plants?

Back

Coal power plants are relatively inexpensive to build but have high operational costs due to fuel expenses and environmental regulations.

Front

What is the relationship between water shortage and crop irrigation?

Back

A significant water shortage can lead to a reduction in the area of crops that can be irrigated, as farmers may not have enough water to sustain their crops.

Front

What is bioleaching?

Back

Bioleaching is a method of extracting metals from ores using microorganisms, which can be more environmentally friendly and cost-effective in the long run despite higher initial costs.

Front

Define the term 'pH'.

Back

pH is a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, on a scale from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, below 7 is acidic, and above 7 is alkaline.

Front

What is the significance of thermal convection in Earth's mantle?

Back

Thermal convection in the Earth's mantle drives plate tectonics, influencing geological processes such as earthquakes and volcanic activity.

Front

Explain the concept of 'cost-effectiveness' in energy production.

Back

Cost-effectiveness refers to the economic efficiency of producing energy, comparing the costs of different methods against their output and profitability.

Front

What is the impact of carbonic acid on ocean life?

Back

Carbonic acid lowers the pH of ocean water, which can harm marine life, particularly organisms that rely on calcium carbonate for their shells and skeletons.

Front

What factors influence the operational costs of power plants?

Back

Operational costs of power plants are influenced by fuel prices, maintenance costs, labor, and regulatory compliance.