Honors Exam Review NO Acids/Bases

Front

What are intermolecular forces?

Back

Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between neighboring particles (molecules, atoms, or ions). They determine the physical properties of substances, such as boiling and melting points.

Front

Which substance has the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction?

Back

CH₄ (methane) has the weakest intermolecular forces of attraction compared to NaCl, H₂O, and MgF₂.

Front

What type of intermolecular forces are present in CO₂?

Back

CO₂ exhibits London dispersion forces, which are weak intermolecular forces arising from temporary dipoles in molecules.

Front

What is the significance of equilibrium in a chemical reaction?

Back

Equilibrium in a chemical reaction occurs when the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction, resulting in constant concentrations of reactants and products.

Front

What is an exothermic reaction?

Back

An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy in the form of heat or light to its surroundings.

Front

What is a dipole-dipole interaction?

Back

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between polar molecules, where the positive end of one molecule is attracted to the negative end of another.

Front

What is hydrogen bonding?

Back

Hydrogen bonding is a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction that occurs when hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms like nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine.

Front

What is the difference between endothermic and exothermic reactions?

Back

Endothermic reactions absorb energy from the surroundings, while exothermic reactions release energy.

Front

What are London dispersion forces?

Back

London dispersion forces are weak intermolecular forces that arise from temporary shifts in electron density in nonpolar molecules.

Front

What factors affect the strength of intermolecular forces?

Back

The strength of intermolecular forces is affected by molecular size, shape, polarity, and the presence of functional groups.