AP Biology Unit 3 Review

Front

Where on an enzyme does the substrate bind?

Back

Active site: The specific region of an enzyme where the substrate binds, facilitating the enzyme's catalytic activity.

Front

What does it mean to phosphorylate ADP?

Back

Phosphorylation of ADP involves adding a phosphate group to ADP, forming ATP and increasing the free energy of the molecule.

Front

Glycolysis is a _______ process.

Back

Catabolic: Glycolysis is a catabolic process that breaks down glucose to produce energy.

Front

Which of the following are electron carriers for the electron transport chain in cellular respiration?

Back

NADH & FADH2: These are the primary electron carriers that transport electrons to the electron transport chain.

Front

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

Back

To produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide, which are used in cellular respiration.

Front

Define enzyme.

Back

An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions in living organisms by lowering the activation energy.

Front

What is the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Back

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

Front

What is the difference between anabolic and catabolic pathways?

Back

Anabolic pathways build complex molecules from simpler ones, while catabolic pathways break down complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy.

Front

What is the function of NAD+ in cellular respiration?

Back

NAD+ acts as an electron carrier, accepting electrons during glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, and is reduced to NADH.

Front

What is the significance of the electron transport chain?

Back

The electron transport chain is crucial for ATP production, as it uses electrons from NADH and FADH2 to create a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.