Biology Units 1-5 Overview

Front

What type of chromosomal mutation is characterized by a segment of the chromosome being reversed end to end?

Back

Inversion

Front

What does the abrupt appearance of new organisms in the fossil record indicate?

Back

Gradualism and an increase in biodiversity.

Front

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Back

A phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base.

Front

If both parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis, what is the probability that their offspring will have the disorder?

Back

25%.

Front

What explains why a DNA mutation can result in a protein that is the same as the initial protein?

Back

Different codons can be translated into the same amino acid, so some mutations do not affect protein synthesis.

Front

What is the basic unit of heredity that is passed from parents to offspring?

Back

Gene.

Front

What is the process by which DNA is copied to produce RNA?

Back

Transcription.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins.

Front

What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?

Back

A dominant allele expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele, while a recessive allele only expresses its trait when two copies are present.

Front

What is the significance of transitional fossils in understanding evolution?

Back

Transitional fossils provide evidence of the gradual changes that occur in species over time.