Biology sem 1 wk 2

Front

What is the spindle apparatus?

Back

The spindle apparatus is a structure composed of microtubules that segregates chromosomes during cell division.

Front

What are aster fibers?

Back

Aster fibers are star-shaped structures that form around the centrosome during cell division and are part of the spindle apparatus.

Front

What is the function of mitochondria?

Back

Mitochondria are organelles known as the 'powerhouse of the cell' because they produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell, through cellular respiration.

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Active transport is the movement of substances across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

Front

How do carrier proteins function in active transport?

Back

Carrier proteins facilitate active transport by moving substances from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration.

Front

What is nondisjunction?

Back

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during cell division, leading to an abnormal number of chromosomes.

Front

What is Turner's syndrome?

Back

Turner's syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the absence of one X chromosome in females, leading to various developmental issues.

Front

What is Down syndrome?

Back

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21, leading to developmental and intellectual delays.

Front

What is the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

Back

Vacuoles are large organelles in plant cells that store nutrients, waste products, and help maintain turgor pressure.

Front

What is the difference between plant and animal cells regarding vacuoles?

Back

Plant cells typically have a large central vacuole, while animal cells have smaller vacuoles or may lack them entirely.