Mutations Flashcard (Amoeba Sisters)

Front

What are mutations?

Back

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in the structure and function of proteins.

Front

When can mutations occur during meiosis?

Back

Mutations can occur during DNA replication and when chromosomes don't separate completely.

Front

What are internal factors that can increase the likelihood of mutations?

Back

Internal factors include errors during DNA replication.

Front

What are external factors that can increase the likelihood of mutations?

Back

External factors include exposure to chemicals, radiation, and environmental influences.

Front

What is sickle cell anemia?

Back

Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, leading to abnormal red blood cells.

Front

What is a chromosomal mutation?

Back

A chromosomal mutation is a change in the structure or number of chromosomes, which can affect gene expression.

Front

What is duplication in terms of chromosomal mutations?

Back

Duplication is a type of chromosomal mutation where a segment of a chromosome is copied, resulting in extra genetic material.

Front

What is substitution in terms of gene mutations?

Back

Substitution is a type of gene mutation where one base pair in the DNA sequence is replaced by another.

Front

What is the difference between gene mutations and chromosomal mutations?

Back

Gene mutations affect individual genes, while chromosomal mutations affect the structure or number of chromosomes.

Front

What is translocation in genetics?

Back

Translocation is a chromosomal mutation where a segment of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.