Chapter 5 - Genetics

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Change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene.

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Mutation: A mutation is a change in the nucleotide sequence of a gene, which can lead to changes in the protein produced by that gene.

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Different form of a gene.

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Allele: An allele is a variant form of a gene that can result in different traits.

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Ribonucleic acid that carries the code for making proteins.

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RNA: RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) is a molecule that plays a crucial role in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes.

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Genetic factor that blocks another genetic factor.

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Dominant Trait: A dominant trait is a genetic factor that can mask the presence of another factor (recessive trait) in the phenotype.

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Offspring of two plants or animals with different forms of the same trait.

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Heterozygous: An organism is heterozygous when it has two different alleles for a particular gene.

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The physical expression of a trait.

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Phenotype: The phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

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The genetic makeup of an organism.

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Genotype: The genotype is the set of genes that an organism carries, which determines its traits.

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Process by which DNA is copied to RNA.

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Transcription: Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Process by which RNA is used to make proteins.

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Translation: Translation is the process where ribosomes create proteins based on the sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA).

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The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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Heredity: Heredity is the biological process through which parents pass on genetic information to their children.