Ch 4 & 5 Review - Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration

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What is the Calvin Cycle?

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The Calvin Cycle is a series of biochemical reactions that take place in the stroma of chloroplasts in photosynthetic organisms, where carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP and NADPH.

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What is the role of NADP in photosynthesis?

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NADP (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) acts as an electron carrier in photosynthesis, accepting electrons during the light-dependent reactions and becoming NADPH, which is then used in the Calvin Cycle.

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What is the primary product of the Calvin Cycle?

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The primary product of the Calvin Cycle is G3P (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate), which can be used to form glucose and other carbohydrates.

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What is glycolysis?

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Glycolysis is the first step of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

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What is lactic acid fermentation?

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Lactic acid fermentation is an anaerobic process that occurs in animals and some bacteria, where glucose is converted into lactic acid and ATP when oxygen is scarce.

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What is oxidative phosphorylation?

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Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration, where ATP is produced using the energy from electrons transferred through the electron transport chain, involving NADH and FADH2.

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What is the Kreb's cycle?

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The Kreb's cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetyl-CoA.

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What is the electron transport chain?

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The electron transport chain is a series of protein complexes located in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

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What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

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Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to produce ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen, resulting in less ATP and different end products like lactic acid or ethanol.

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What is the significance of ATP in cellular processes?

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ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells, providing the energy needed for various biochemical reactions and processes.