Front

Who proposed the hypothesis of continental drift and the existence of Pangaea?

Back

Alfred Wegener proposed the hypothesis of continental drift, suggesting that the continents were once united in a supercontinent called Pangaea.

Front

What are the four main spheres of the Earth?

Back

The four main spheres of the Earth are the lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and atmosphere.

Front

What is the difference between relative dating and radiometric dating?

Back

Relative dating uses the position of rock layers to determine the age of fossils, while radiometric dating uses the decay of radioactive isotopes to determine the exact age of rocks.

Front

What is the Earth's crust primarily composed of?

Back

The Earth's crust is primarily composed of solid rock, mostly basalt and granite.

Front

Which branch of Earth science studies celestial bodies and the universe?

Back

Astronomy is the branch of Earth science that studies celestial bodies and the universe.

Front

What is the lithosphere?

Back

The lithosphere is the rigid outer layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and the upper mantle.

Front

Define hydrosphere.

Back

The hydrosphere encompasses all the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, and groundwater.

Front

What does the biosphere refer to?

Back

The biosphere refers to all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with the environment.

Front

What is the atmosphere?

Back

The atmosphere is the layer of gases surrounding the Earth, essential for weather and life.

Front

Explain the concept of plate tectonics.

Back

Plate tectonics is the theory that the Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, causing geological activity.