Front

What type of bacteria retains the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining procedure?

Back

Gram Positive bacteria retain the crystal violet stain and appear purple under a microscope.

Front

Which part of the ear is primarily affected by sensorineural hearing loss?

Back

The inner ear is affected by sensorineural hearing loss, which can result from damage to the hair cells or auditory nerve.

Front

What is the temperature at which the denaturation step of PCR occurs?

Back

The denaturation step of PCR occurs at 95° C, where the DNA strands separate.

Front

What type of vaccines use a piece of a germ to stimulate an immune response?

Back

Subunit vaccines use a piece of a germ (like a protein) to teach the immune system to recognize and fight the germ.

Front

What is the process called when bacteria take up free DNA from their environment?

Back

Transformation is the process where bacteria take up free DNA through the plasma membrane.

Front

What is the main function of the inner ear?

Back

The inner ear is responsible for hearing and balance, containing structures like the cochlea and vestibular system.

Front

What is the difference between Gram Positive and Gram Negative bacteria?

Back

Gram Positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and stain purple, while Gram Negative bacteria have a thin peptidoglycan layer and stain pink.

Front

What is the role of plasmids in bacterial transformation?

Back

Plasmids are small, circular DNA molecules that can be taken up by bacteria during transformation, often carrying genes for antibiotic resistance.

Front

What are live, attenuated vaccines?

Back

Live, attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the germ that causes a disease, stimulating an immune response without causing illness.

Front

What is the process of conjugation in bacteria?

Back

Conjugation is a process where bacteria transfer genetic material through direct contact, often via a pilus.