Multi-digit addition and subtraction

Multi-digit addition is the process of adding numbers that have more than one digit, such as 23 + 45 or 1,234 + 5,678.

Multi-digit subtraction is the process of subtracting one multi-digit number from another, such as 56 - 34 or 1,234 - 567.

When adding multi-digit numbers, line up the digits by place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.) from right to left.

When subtracting multi-digit numbers, align the digits by place value, ensuring the larger number is on top.

Carrying is the process of moving a value to the next left column when the sum of a column exceeds 9.

Borrowing is the process of taking 1 from the next left column when a digit in the top number is smaller than the digit in the bottom number.

585

4,283

105,075

1,803