DNA to Proteins – Foundations of Traits

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DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)

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The molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms and is responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for building a specific protein or set of proteins.

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Mutation

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to alterations in protein function and traits.

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Transcription

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The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.

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Translation

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The process by which ribosomes read mRNA sequences to synthesize proteins.

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Codon

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A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies an amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis.

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Amino Acid

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The building blocks of proteins, which are linked together in a specific order to form a polypeptide.

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Protein Folding

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The process by which a protein structure assumes its functional shape or conformation.

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Trait

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A characteristic or feature of an organism that can be inherited.

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Phenotype

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The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.