Which Inference Procedure?

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What is a p-value?

Back

A p-value is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the observed results, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

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What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

Rejecting H0 means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis (Ha) based on the data.

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What is the significance level (α) in hypothesis testing?

Back

The significance level (α) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

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What is a t-test used for?

Back

A t-test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two groups.

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What is a z-test used for?

Back

A z-test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between proportions or means when the sample size is large.

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What is a confidence interval?

Back

A confidence interval is a range of values used to estimate the true parameter of a population, with a specified level of confidence.

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What is the difference between a t-test and a z-test?

Back

A t-test is used for smaller sample sizes and when the population standard deviation is unknown, while a z-test is used for larger samples with known population standard deviation.

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What does it mean if a p-value is less than α?

Back

If a p-value is less than α, it indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, leading to its rejection.

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What is the null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

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What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

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The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference, opposing the null hypothesis.