Protein Synthesis

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What is protein synthesis?

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The process by which cells generate new proteins, involving transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to amino acids.

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What is a mutation?

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A change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein synthesis.

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What is a deletion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more nitrogen bases are removed from a gene, causing a frame shift.

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What is an insertion mutation?

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A type of mutation where one or more nitrogen bases are added to a gene, also causing a frame shift.

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What is a substitution mutation?

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A type of mutation where one nitrogen base is replaced by another, potentially altering the amino acid sequence.

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What is a silent mutation?

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A mutation that does not change the amino acid sequence of a protein, often due to redundancy in the genetic code.

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What is a codon?

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A three-base sequence of mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

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What is an anticodon?

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A three-base sequence on tRNA that is complementary to a codon on mRNA.

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What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

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mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

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What is the role of tRNA in protein synthesis?

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tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the corresponding codon on the mRNA.