Unit 8: Biotechnology EOC Review

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What is gel electrophoresis?

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A laboratory technique used to separate DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge.

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What is the primary use of gel electrophoresis in forensic science?

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To compare DNA samples from a crime scene with a suspect's DNA.

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What can gel electrophoresis determine about DNA sequences?

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It can determine the similarity or differences between DNA sequences from different individuals.

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What are restriction enzymes?

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Proteins that cut DNA at specific sequences of nucleotides.

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What is the significance of DNA sequence similarity in species?

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Higher similarity indicates closer evolutionary relationships among species.

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What applications can gel electrophoresis be used for?

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Parental testing, criminal investigations, and sequencing endangered species DNA.

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How does gel electrophoresis work?

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DNA samples are placed in a gel matrix and an electric current is applied, causing the DNA to migrate based on size.

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What is the role of DNA in biotechnology?

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DNA serves as the genetic blueprint for organisms and is manipulated for various applications in biotechnology.

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What does a high percentage of DNA similarity between two species suggest?

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It suggests that the two species share a more recent common ancestor.

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What is the purpose of using DNA profiling in criminal investigations?

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To identify individuals based on their unique DNA patterns.