Fall 2024 Semester Study Guide

Front

Why do stomach cells function differently than skin cells?

Back

They use different genes in the DNA.

Front

What type of mutation is a nonsense mutation?

Back

A mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the protein sequence.

Front

What is a gene?

Back

A small section of DNA that codes for a protein.

Front

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

Back

3 nucleotides.

Front

What factors can influence gene expression?

Back

Both genetic variation and environmental factors.

Front

What is DNA?

Back

Deoxyribonucleic acid, the molecule that carries genetic information.

Front

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the sites where proteins are synthesized from amino acids.

Front

What is a frameshift mutation?

Back

A mutation that shifts the reading frame of the genetic message, potentially altering all downstream amino acids.

Front

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Back

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the observable traits.

Front

What is transcription in genetics?

Back

The process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA.