U4L1 Structure and Function of a Neuron Flashcard Review

Front

What is the function of Interneurons?

Back

Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons, facilitating communication between them.

Front

What are the two main parts of the nervous system?

Back

The central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Front

What is the myelin sheath?

Back

The myelin sheath is an insulating layer around the axon of a neuron that increases the speed of electrical signal transmission.

Front

What type of neuron carries messages from the body to the brain/spinal cord?

Back

Afferent (sensory) neurons.

Front

What are axon terminals?

Back

Axon terminals are the endpoints of an axon where neurotransmitters are released to communicate with other neurons.

Front

Define sensory neurons.

Back

Sensory neurons are responsible for carrying signals from sensory receptors to the central nervous system.

Front

Define motor neurons.

Back

Motor neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands to elicit a response.

Front

What role do glial cells play in the nervous system?

Back

Glial cells support and protect neurons, providing structural support, nourishment, and insulation.

Front

What is the role of dendrites in a neuron?

Back

Dendrites receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body.

Front

What is the significance of the axon in a neuron?

Back

The axon transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons or muscles.