AP Biology-Protein Synthesis

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or signals the termination of protein synthesis.

Front

What is the function of the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

Back

The TATA box is a DNA sequence that serves as a recognition site for specific transcription factors, facilitating the initiation of transcription.

Front

What role does a promoter play in gene expression?

Back

A promoter is a region of DNA that allows for the transcription of a gene by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.

Front

What amino acid is encoded by the codon AAG?

Back

The codon AAG encodes the amino acid Lysine (Lys).

Front

What does each codon in messenger RNA specify?

Back

Each codon in messenger RNA specifies a particular amino acid.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

Front

What is the difference between DNA and RNA?

Back

DNA is double-stranded and contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA is single-stranded and contains ribose sugar.

Front

What is the significance of the start codon AUG?

Back

The start codon AUG signals the beginning of translation and codes for the amino acid Methionine.

Front

What are the three main types of RNA involved in protein synthesis?

Back

The three main types of RNA are messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).

Front

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

Back

tRNA transports specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons in mRNA.