Bio Exam Practice Topic 10 Diseases and Immunity

Front

What is a pathogen?

Back

A pathogen is a microorganism that can cause disease, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Front

Define immunity.

Back

Immunity is the ability of an organism to resist infection or disease, often through the action of antibodies.

Front

What are the two main types of immunity?

Back

The two main types of immunity are innate immunity (the body's first line of defense) and adaptive immunity (specific response to pathogens).

Front

What is the role of antibodies in the immune system?

Back

Antibodies are proteins produced by B cells that specifically recognize and bind to antigens, helping to neutralize or eliminate pathogens.

Front

Explain the difference between active and passive immunity.

Back

Active immunity occurs when exposure to a disease triggers the immune system to produce antibodies, while passive immunity is when antibodies are transferred from one individual to another.

Front

What is vaccination?

Back

Vaccination is the process of introducing a vaccine into the body to stimulate an immune response without causing the disease.

Front

What is herd immunity?

Back

Herd immunity occurs when a significant portion of a population becomes immune to a disease, reducing its spread and protecting those who are not immune.

Front

Define antigen.

Back

An antigen is a substance that triggers an immune response, often found on the surface of pathogens.

Front

What is the function of T cells in the immune response?

Back

T cells are a type of white blood cell that play a central role in cell-mediated immunity, helping to destroy infected cells and coordinate the immune response.

Front

What is the difference between a virus and a bacterium?

Back

Viruses are smaller than bacteria and require a host cell to replicate, while bacteria are single-celled organisms that can reproduce independently.