Bio Exam Practice Topic 16 Reproduction

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What is reproduction?

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Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced from their parents. It is essential for the continuation of a species.

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What are the two main types of reproduction?

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The two main types of reproduction are sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, while asexual reproduction involves a single parent producing offspring that are genetically identical to itself.

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Define sexual reproduction.

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Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, leading to genetic diversity among offspring.

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Define asexual reproduction.

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Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that does not involve the fusion of gametes. Offspring are produced from a single parent and are genetically identical to that parent.

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What is a gamete?

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A gamete is a reproductive cell that carries half the genetic information of an organism. In animals, the male gamete is called sperm, and the female gamete is called an egg.

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What is fertilization?

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Fertilization is the process in which a male gamete (sperm) and a female gamete (egg) combine to form a zygote, initiating the development of a new organism.

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What is a zygote?

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A zygote is the initial cell formed when a sperm fertilizes an egg. It contains a complete set of genetic information from both parents.

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What is the role of meiosis in reproduction?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, producing gametes for sexual reproduction. It ensures genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.

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What is the difference between internal and external fertilization?

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Internal fertilization occurs inside the female's body, while external fertilization occurs outside the body, typically in water, where eggs and sperm are released into the environment.

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What are the advantages of sexual reproduction?

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Advantages of sexual reproduction include increased genetic diversity, which enhances adaptability and survival of a species in changing environments.