Hyphens, Dashes

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What is a hyphen?

Back

A hyphen (-) is a punctuation mark used to join words or parts of words, such as in compound words (e.g., well-known) or to indicate a word break at the end of a line.

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When should you use a hyphen in compound adjectives?

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Use a hyphen in compound adjectives when they come before a noun (e.g., a well-known author) but not when they come after (e.g., the author is well known).

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What is a dash?

Back

A dash (—) is a punctuation mark used to create a strong break in the structure of a sentence, often to set off information or to indicate a pause.

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What is the difference between a hyphen and a dash?

Back

A hyphen (-) connects words, while a dash (—) indicates a pause or break in thought.

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How do you punctuate appositives with dashes?

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Use dashes to set off appositives that contain commas or are lengthy (e.g., My brother—who lives in New York—visits often).

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What is an example of a compound noun that uses a hyphen?

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An example of a compound noun that uses a hyphen is 'mother-in-law'.

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When should you use a dash instead of a comma?

Back

Use a dash instead of a comma for emphasis or to create a stronger break in the sentence (e.g., She was going to the party—if she could find a ride).

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What is the correct punctuation for this sentence: 'The book is about the 19th century a time of great change'?

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The correct punctuation is: 'The book is about the 19th century—a time of great change.'

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How do you punctuate a sentence with a parenthetical element?

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You can use dashes to set off a parenthetical element for emphasis (e.g., The car—a vintage model—was parked outside.

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What is a common mistake when using hyphens?

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A common mistake is using a hyphen in phrases that do not require one, such as 'high school' (no hyphen needed) when used as a noun.