The Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment

Front

Until the Scientific Revolution, the traditional authorities were . . .

Back

the Catholic church and ancient scholars.

Answer explanation

Until the Scientific Revolution, the Catholic Church and ancient scholars were the primary authorities on knowledge and learning, influencing thought and education in Europe.

Front

The Catholic church considered some thinkers of the Scientific Revolution to be heretics because they . . .

Back

questioned the authority of the church.

Answer explanation

The Catholic Church viewed some Scientific Revolution thinkers as heretics because they questioned the authority of the church, challenging its teachings and influence, which was seen as a direct threat to its power.

Front

During the Scientific Revolution, European scientists focused their work on explaining . . .

Back

the workings of the natural world.

Answer explanation

During the Scientific Revolution, scientists aimed to understand the natural world through observation and experimentation, making 'the workings of the natural world' the correct focus of their work.

Front

Thomas Hobbes believed . . .

Back

people are naturally greedy and selfish; therefore, they should only be governed by an absolute monarch.

Answer explanation

Thomas Hobbes believed that humans are inherently greedy and selfish, leading him to argue for governance by an absolute monarch to maintain order and prevent chaos.

Front

Which Enlightenment thinker said, "If women be educated for dependence; that is, to act according to the will of another fallible being, and submit, right or wrong, to power, where are we to stop?"

Back

Mary Wollstonecraft

Answer explanation

The quote reflects Mary Wollstonecraft's advocacy for women's education and independence. Unlike Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Locke, she argued against women's subservience, emphasizing the need for women to think and act autonomously.

Front

Which of the following people is NOT considered to be an Enlightenment thinker? Voltaire, Roger Bacon, Mary Wollstonecraft, John Locke

Back

Roger Bacon

Answer explanation

Roger Bacon is not considered an Enlightenment thinker as he lived in the 13th century, before the Enlightenment period. In contrast, Voltaire, Mary Wollstonecraft, and John Locke were key figures of the Enlightenment.

Front

What is the first step of the Scientific Method?

Back

observation

Answer explanation

The first step of the Scientific Method is observation. This involves gathering information and noticing phenomena, which leads to questions that drive further investigation.

Front

A common theme among Enlightenment thinkers was . . .

Back

support for democratic forms of government.

Answer explanation

Enlightenment thinkers commonly supported democratic forms of government, advocating for reason, individual rights, and the idea that government should be based on the consent of the governed, contrasting with traditional authority.

Front

John Locke believed that the purpose of government was to protect people's natural rights.

Back

True

Answer explanation

True. John Locke argued that the primary role of government is to safeguard the natural rights of individuals, including life, liberty, and property, which is a foundational concept in his political philosophy.

Front

The work of which scientist was most strongly condemned by the Catholic church?

Back

Galileo Galilei

Answer explanation

Galileo Galilei's support for heliocentrism directly contradicted the Church's teachings, leading to his condemnation and trial in 1633. His work challenged the Church's authority, making him the most strongly condemned scientist.