AP Bio Topic 5.1 Meiosis

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What is meiosis?

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Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse haploid cells from one diploid cell.

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What is the main purpose of meiosis?

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The main purpose of meiosis is to produce gametes (sperm and egg cells) for sexual reproduction.

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How many chromosomes do human sperm and egg cells each have?

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Human sperm and egg cells each have 23 chromosomes.

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What is the total number of chromosomes in a fertilized human egg cell?

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A fertilized human egg cell has 46 chromosomes.

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What are the two main stages of meiosis?

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The two main stages of meiosis are Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

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What happens during prophase I of meiosis?

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During prophase I, homologous chromosomes pair up and exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over.

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What is crossing over?

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis, leading to genetic diversity.

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What type of cells are produced at the end of meiosis?

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Meiosis produces haploid cells that are genetically diverse.

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What is the difference between diploid and haploid cells?

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Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes.

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In which phase of meiosis does independent assortment occur?

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Independent assortment occurs during metaphase I of meiosis.