Scientific Thinking Vocabulary

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Geology

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The science that deals with the earth's physical structure and substance, its history, and the processes that act on it.

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Oceanography

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Study of the earth's oceans.

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Meteorology

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The science that deals with the phenomena of the atmosphere, especially weather and weather conditions.

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Astronomy

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The scientific study of the universe and the objects in it, including stars, planets, nebulae, and galaxies.

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Lithosphere

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A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust.

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Hydrosphere

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All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

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Atmosphere

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Layers of different gases that surround the Earth.

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Biosphere

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Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.

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Topographical map

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A map that shows surface features of an area, such as mountains, valleys, plains, and plateaus by using contour (isoline) lines to show changes in elevation.

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Observations

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Any information collected with one of the five senses.