Networks of Exchange and the Columbian Exchange

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Political Factor in Growth

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Stable empires (e.g., Mongols).

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Economic Factor in Growth

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Demand for luxury goods.

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Social Factor in Growth

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Merchant classes and diasporas.

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Technological Factor in Growth

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Navigation tools and advanced ships.

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Big Changes (1200-1450)

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Expanded trade networks, urbanization, technological and religious spread.

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Global Impact of Columbian Exchange

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Spread of crops (potatoes, maize) and livestock (cattle, horses).

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Regional Impact of Columbian Exchange

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Displacement of indigenous species and populations.

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Role of Disease in Columbian Exchange

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Devastating impact on indigenous populations (e.g., smallpox).

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Potatoes: Boosted food security in Europe.

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Potatoes helped boost food security in Europe.

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Staple vs. cash crops: Cash Crops

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Cash Crops are grown for profit, such as sugar.