Key Concepts in Urbanization and Immigration

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Urbanization

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The process by which cities grow or increase their population, often due to migration from rural areas.

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Immigration

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The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

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Urban Centers

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Large and densely populated urban areas that serve as the focal point of economic, political, and cultural activities.

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Migration

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The movement of people from one place to another, often for economic, social, or environmental reasons.

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Chinese Exclusion Act

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A United States federal law signed in 1882 that prohibited all immigration of Chinese laborers.

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Gentlemen's Agreement

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An informal agreement between the United States and Japan in 1907-1908, where Japan agreed to restrict the emigration of its nationals to the U.S.

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Class System

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A social stratification where people are grouped into a set of hierarchical social categories, often based on wealth, occupation, or social status.

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Political Machines

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Political organizations in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses, usually in return for rewards or political power.