DNA Structure and Replication

Front

What is the structure of DNA?

Back

DNA is a double helix formed by two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other, held together by complementary base pairs.

Front

What are the four nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Back

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).

Front

What is complementary base pairing?

Back

The principle that A pairs with T and C pairs with G in DNA.

Front

What is a nucleotide?

Back

A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Front

What are the three components of a nucleotide?

Back

Sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

Front

Where is DNA located in eukaryotic cells?

Back

In the nucleus.

Front

What is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Back

DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand.

Front

What is the process of DNA replication?

Back

DNA replication is the process by which a cell makes an identical copy of its DNA before cell division.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' and 3' ends of a DNA strand?

Back

The 5' end has a phosphate group, and the 3' end has a hydroxyl group; DNA strands are antiparallel and synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.

Front

What is a mutation?

Back

A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that can lead to changes in protein structure and function.