Genetics & Heredity Vocabulary

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Homozygous

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Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. RR, rr, PP, pp, BB, bb

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Heterozygous

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Having two different alleles for a particular gene. Rr, Tt, Bb, Qq, Ww, Ll

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Dominant

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An allele that expresses its phenotype even in the presence of a recessive allele. It will mask a recessive allele.
RR, Rr, BB, Bb

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Recessive

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An allele that only expresses its phenotype when a dominant allele is not present. rr, bb, cc

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Genotype

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The genetic coding of an organism for a specific trait. Tall allele (T) short Allele (t) - possible types TT, Tt, or tt

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Phenotype

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The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences. Blue eyes, Freckles, Large body.

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Gene

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A segment of DNA that contains the instructions for the development of a specific trait.

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Allele

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One of two or more versions of a gene that are found at the same place on a chromosome. Alternate forms of a gene.

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Heredity

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The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

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Genetics

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The study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.