AP 09 - ISMS & Revolution - Spielvogel Ch 21

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Leader of Italy's risorgimento, and founded the group "Young Italy" whose goal was the creation of united Italian republic.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

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Ideology based on the protection of civil liberties or the basic rights of all people, including equality before the law, freedom of assembly, speech and press.

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political liberalism

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More republican form of government in France that appealed to the upper middle class, but did not go far enough for the lower middle class and Parisian working class.

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bourgeoisie monarchy

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Ideology emerging in the 19th century in response to the terrible conditions found in the slums, mines and factories based on bringing equality into social conditions rooted in human cooperation, not competition.

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socialism

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Distribution of military and economic power that prevents any one nation from becoming too strong; The territorial redistribution of lands at the Congress of Vienna.

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Balance of Power

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A product of enlightenment thinking, and held that human progress was inevitable. People should be equal before the law; all were born free, were basically good, and capable of improvement. Governments should be representative, (rather than autocratic), freedom of the press, speech, assembly, and from arbitrary arrest.

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liberalism

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Liberal Utilitarianist who wrote "On Liberty" that was a treatise on liberty of the individual and protection against the tyranny of the majority.

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John Stuart Mill

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Represent the interests of religious dissenters, industrialists, and others who sought electoral, parliamentary, and philanthropic reforms; led by Charles James Fox.

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Whigs

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Belief that the purpose of morality is to make life better by increasing the amount of good things (such as pleasure and happiness) in the world and decreasing the amount of bad things (such as pain and unhappiness).

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utilitarianism

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The Duke of Orleans who became the "bourgeois monarch" whose support came from the upper middle class; he dressed like the middle class in a business suit and hat.

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Louis-Philippe