S30 A2.5 Genetic Technology

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What is genetic engineering?

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The modification of an organism's genetic composition using artificial means, often involving the transfer of specific traits or genes from one organism to another, resulting in recombinant DNA.

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What is gene therapy?

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An application of genetic engineering that uses genes to treat or prevent disease by replacing a bad gene with a healthy one, adding a new gene, or turning off a problem gene.

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What are genetic technologies?

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Technologies including gene sequencing, DNA screening, gene mapping, and transformation, with applications in gene therapy and creating genetically modified organisms.

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What is gene sequencing?

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Determining the complete DNA sequence of bases in an organism's genome

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What is transformation in genetics?

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The genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of genetic material from its surroundings. Occurs naturally in some species of bacteria. Can also insert human DNA into bacterial DNA to replicate desired genes.

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What does DNA screening include?

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Tests to identify and evaluate genetic information, such as paternity tests, forensics, amniocentesis, phylogenetics, organ donor matching, and ancestry.

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What is gene mapping?

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The process of identifying the locus of a gene on each chromosome and the distances between genes, including genetic linkage maps and physical maps.

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What are stem cells?

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Undifferentiated cells that can develop into specific specialized cells.

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What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?

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Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

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What is the Human Genome Project?

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A genome sequencing project.