World History Unit 8 24-25

Front

Who inspired later political revolutions because they supported natural rights? Options: Enlightenment Philosophers, Monarchs, Generals, Politicians

Back

Enlightenment Philosophers

Answer explanation

Later political revolutions will justify their actions based on the support of these enlightenment philosophers that support natural rights and that these rights are above the laws of man.

Front

The social contract involves an exchange of rights for stable and strong central government was proposed by who?

Back

Thomas Hobbes

Answer explanation

Hobbes believed that because subjects want a strong stable government, they would be willing to exchange some of their rights for this goal to be attained by the monarch.

Front

New ideas about individual rights introduced during the enlightenment helped to contribute to what form of government?

Back

Democratic-Republican

Answer explanation

Because the basis of a democratic government is the individual citizen, the new ideas and views about individual rights contributed to the development of modern democratic-republican government. This form of government is based on the idea that an individuals rights are protected as the individual is able to exercise their right to vote for representatives who govern on their behalf.

Front

Jean Jacques Rousseau proposed the idea that laws should be created by the general will of who?

Back

the people

Answer explanation

Rousseau believed that the laws of a nation should be created through the general will of the people. This is accomplished in the United States by people voting for the representatives that will create the laws. If a voter doesn't agree with the job their representative has done while in office, they can vote for a different person who will do a better job.

Front

Voltaire was a political writer of the Enlightenment who used his writings to promote what?

Back

Tolerance and freedom of speech

Answer explanation

Voltaire was a French writer that often faced persecution by the royal government for his political satire. He often used his writings to promote free speech because of his experiences of persecution and to also promote religious toleration since other religions and Christian denominations were often not tolerated in French society.

Front

The effects of the _________________ is that it influenced the American and French Revolutions.

Back

Enlightenment

Front

One way the American colonies and France differed at the onset of their revolutions was that France suffered more severe economic problems than the American colonists.

Back

True

Answer explanation

Despite the grievances against taxes passed by the British Parliament on the colonies, they were relatively well off economically having good trade relations with various nations, steady harvests, little war debt, etc. The French on the other hand had massive war debts from the Seven Years' War, harvest failures, and deficit spending. This meant that the French were much worse off economically at the start of their revolution compared to the American colonies.

Front

The centralized control of all political processes by the ruler is one characteristic of what? Options: absolute monarchy, democracy, kakistocracy, aristocracy

Back

absolute monarchy

Answer explanation

An absolute monarchy is characterized by the monarch (king/queen) having central control of all political processes. They monarch makes all the political decisions about taxation, government spending, the military, war, etc.

Front

Revolutionaries in America were fighting to get independence from a colonial power, while the Revolutionaries in France revolted in order to replace the existing political and social order. True or False?

Back

True

Answer explanation

Americans felt they had no other option than to fight for their independence from an overseas colonial power. The French people were fighting for their independence from an absolute monarchy in which the middle class and vast majority of the French population had no political representation, so in order to achieve this independence they would have to replace the existing social and political order in France for their revolution to be successful.

Front

The effect of the Congress of Vienna on European politics was its discouragement of nationalism by supporting monarchies. True or False?

Back

True

Answer explanation

As European representatives sought to restore a balance of power on the continent following the defeat of Napoleon. The main representatives were from the remaining monarchies and favored that form of government as a way of discouraging nationalism.