Ch 20 Notes Part 3

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Gene Knockout

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The use of genetic engineering to inactivate or remove one or more specific genes from an organism.

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Purpose of Gene Knockout

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To study the impact of removing a gene from an organism, allowing scientists to learn about that gene's function.

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Library of Knockout Organisms

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A collection of knockout organisms available for some species, usually mice, to use as a model in research.

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Diagram showing Wildtype Mouse and Constitutive Knockout Mouse

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Illustrates the difference between a wildtype mouse with functional gene expression and a knockout mouse with no gene expression.

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CRISPR: a genetic engineering tool

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CRISPR is a tool that uses a CRISPR sequence of DNA and its associated protein to edit the base pairs of a gene.

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CRISPR's rise in use

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CRISPR has become more common since 2012.

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Functions of CRISPR

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CRISPR can correct a gene or knockout a gene.

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CRISPR in medical trials

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CRISPR has been used successfully in trials to turn fetal hemoglobin gene back on in a sickle cell patient.

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Diagram showing CRISPR mechanism

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The diagram illustrates how CRISPR uses guide RNA and Cas9 to match genomic sequences and edit DNA by deleting or inserting genes.

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Hemoglobin F

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Hemoglobin F, also known as fetal hemoglobin or HbF, is present in red blood cells before birth (during fetal development).