Mathematics

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Probability

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A mathematical measurement of the likelihood of a certain event occurring, expressed as a ratio, decimal, or percentage.

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Theoretical Probability

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The probability calculated based on reasoning or counting possible favorable outcomes and dividing by total possible outcomes.

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Experimental Probability

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The probability based on actual data collected during an experiment.

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Complementary Events

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Two events where one event is the complement (or opposite) of the other, and their probabilities add up to 1.

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Independent Events

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Events where the outcome of one does not affect the outcome of the other.

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Dependent Events

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Events where the outcome of one influences the outcome of the other.

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Mutually Exclusive Events

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Events that cannot occur at the same time.

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Permutations

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An ordered arrangement of a set of elements. A combination lock should actually be called a permutation lock!

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Fundamental Counting Principle

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A method used to determine the total number of possible outcomes by multiplying the choices available at each stage.

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Factorial

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The product of all positive integers up to a given number, denoted as n! (e.g., 5! = 5 × 4 × 3 × 2 × 1).