Italian Unification

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Nation

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A group of people who share a common history, culture, or language and who live in the same area.

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Nationalism

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Strong feelings of support for one's nation.

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The Congress of Vienna (1815)

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After the 2nd capture and exile of Napoleon, European powers met in Vienna to redraw borders to pre-Napoleon's Empire.

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Rise of European Nationalism

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Napoleon's Empire was organized based on cultural similarities rather than traditional borders, causing anger when traditional borders were restored by the Congress of Vienna.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

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Leader of the 'Young Italy' Movement, who wanted Italy to be a republic.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

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Follower of Mazzini and Military General who attempted to lead the independence of Northern Italy & Rome in 1848-49.

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Napoleon III

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Nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte, elected President of France in 1848, later made himself Emperor in 1852.

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Italian War for Independence: North

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Camillo Benso of Cavour and Victor Emmanuel II, with Napoleon III's support, unified and liberated Northern Italy.

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Italian War for Independence: South

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Garibaldi and his 'Red Shirts' invaded Sicily, combining territories with Sardinia to form a United Kingdom of Italy.

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Kingdom of Italy (1861)

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Established with Victor Emmanuel II as King and Cavour as Minister.