are consistent errors that will always have the same sign and magnitude under constant field conditions.

denotes how close measurements are to the true value.

refers to the consistency of measurements

process of determining the elevations of points or differences in elevation.

is a permanent object with a known elevation used as a reference for leveling work.

Differential Leveling

is used to determine the elevations of points some distance apart using a series of setups of the instrument.

is the bearing of a line observed in the direction of survey progression.

the direction of a line measured in a clockwise direction from the meridian.

is the horizontal angle between the geodetic meridian and the magnetic meridian.

Instrumental errors, Personal errors Natural errors.

What are the common sources of errors in leveling?

serves as a stable base to prevent movement of the instrument after it is set up.

a level surface that serves as a datum for all elevations and astronomical observations.

is responsible for the overall direction and submission of survey reports.

used as a guide or marker when sighting points in surveying.

used when direct application of a measuring instrument is not possible.

involves comparing a measured quantity with a standard unit

refers to the difference between the initial and final level of a benchmark after completing a leveling circuit.

is a widely used direct leveling instrument for measuring elevations.

is used in conjunction with a leveling instrument to determine distances or differences in elevation.

is an angle measuring instrument used to determine angles based on the principle of light reflection.

refers to the elevation of the line of sight of the telescope above the datum when the instrument is leveled.

is used for marking the ends of tapes during taping.

keeps a record of all sketches, drawings, measurements, and observations.

is used to read the pull applied to the tape during measurement.

is a level surface to which elevations are referenced, often assigned an elevation of zero.

used to determine if the line of sight of the telescope is parallel to the axis of the bubble tube.

is used for determining distances indirectly by measuring angles subtended by targets.

refers to the divergence between a level line and a horizontal line over a specified distance.

is responsible for the use and operation of all electronic instruments.

involves determining alignment, grades, and locations of natural and artificial objects.

Probable Error of the Mean

indicates the probability of true error being less or greater than the probable error is 50%.

is conducted to plan expansions or improvements in urban areas.

is the ratio of the precision of a given measurement to the value of the measurement itself.

a survey that maps shorelines and charts the shape of areas under water.

Assistant Chief of Party

assists the Chief of Party and is responsible for the employment of surveying equipment.

survey provides data regarding grades, reference lines, and dimensions at construction sites.

is the difference between the initial and final level of a benchmark after completing a leveling circuit.

determines the shape of the ground and the location and elevation of natural features.

is a fixed line of reference parallel to the magnetic lines of force of the earth.

a survey that determines the position of underground excavations and surface mine structures.

is a vertical datum used in coastal areas for establishing property boundaries subject to tides.

is conducted for forest management and conservation.

What is the significance of the term 'Benchmark'?

is a permanent object with a known elevation used as a reference for leveling work.

Surveying Concepts and Techniques Flashcards

Student preview

60 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Surveying

Back

art of determining the positions on or near the earth's surface.

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Plane Surveying and Geodetic Surveying.

Back

What are the two main classifications of surveys?

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Surveying

Back

is necessary for determining property boundaries and for planning and laying out projects such as subdivisions, highways, and railroads.

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Cadastral Survey

City Survey

Construction Survey

Forestry Survey

Hydrographic Survey

Industrial Survey

Mine Survey

Photogrammetric Survey

Route Survey

Topographic Survey.

Back

What are some types of surveys?

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Steel Tape

Back

is a graduated tape used for measuring distances, typically ranging from 15 to 100 meters.

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Plumb Bob

Back

used to project a point on the tape down to the ground or to project a point on the ground up to the tape.

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Theodolite

Back

is a precision instrument used for measuring angles in surveying.

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