AMS Topic 5: Examples of Marine Ecosystems

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What is the epipelagic zone?

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The epipelagic zone, also known as the sunlight zone, is the uppermost layer of the ocean, extending from the surface to about 200 meters deep. It is where most marine life is found due to the availability of sunlight.

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What is the littoral zone?

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The littoral zone is the coastal area of the ocean where the land meets the sea. It is characterized by shallow waters and is home to diverse ecosystems, including mangrove forests and coral reefs.

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What is the benthic zone?

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The benthic zone refers to the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water, including the sediment surface and sub-surface layers. It is inhabited by organisms that live on or in the ocean floor.

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What is the mesopelagic zone?

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The mesopelagic zone, also known as the twilight zone, extends from 200 meters to 1000 meters deep. It is characterized by limited light penetration and is home to various species that can adapt to low light.

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What is the bathypelagic zone?

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The bathypelagic zone, also known as the midnight zone, extends from 1000 meters to 4000 meters deep. It is dark and cold, with very high pressure, and is inhabited by unique organisms adapted to these conditions.

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What is the abyssopelagic zone?

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The abyssopelagic zone is the layer of the ocean that extends from 4000 meters to 6000 meters deep. It is characterized by near-freezing temperatures and complete darkness, with very few organisms present.

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What is a coral reef?

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A coral reef is a diverse underwater ecosystem made up of coral polyps, which are small marine animals. Coral reefs provide habitat for many marine species and are vital for marine biodiversity.

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What factors affect coral cover?

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Coral cover can be affected by various factors including water temperature, pollution, ocean acidification, and overfishing. Changes in these factors can lead to coral bleaching and decline in coral health.

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What is a mangrove forest?

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A mangrove forest is a coastal ecosystem characterized by salt-tolerant trees and shrubs. Mangroves provide critical habitat for marine life, protect coastlines from erosion, and filter pollutants.

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What is the significance of the Caribbean coral reefs?

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Caribbean coral reefs are significant for their biodiversity, providing habitat for numerous marine species, supporting fisheries, and protecting coastlines from storms and erosion.