Flashcard on Evolution and Phylogenetics

Front

What does it mean when scientists say evolution is a "theory" in science?

Back

It is a well-tested explanation based on empirical evidence

Front

Why is it incorrect to say that scientists "believe" in evolution?

Back

Because scientific acceptance is based on empirical evidence, not belief

Front

Which of the following is NOT part of the scientific definition of a theory?

• It must be based on empirical evidence
• It must be testable and falsifiable
• It must remain unchanged over time
• It must provide an explanation for observed phenomena

Back

It must remain unchanged over time

Front

Which of the following statements about evolution is FALSE?

• Evolution explains the vast diversity of life on Earth
• Evolution follows a strict linear pattern toward perfection
• Evolutionary trees can change as new evidence is discovered
• All living things share a common ancestor

Back

Evolution follows a strict linear pattern toward perfection

Front

What is the role of Occam's Razor in scientific theories?

Back

It states that the simplest explanation is the most likely

Front

What is the correct scientific explanation for why apes still exist if humans evolved from a common ancestor?

Back

Humans and apes share a common ancestor but evolved separately

Front

Why is creationism not considered a scientific theory?

Back

It is not based on empirical, natural evidence

Front

What is the purpose of a phylogenetic tree?

Back

To show evolutionary relationships among species

Front

What evidence do scientists use to construct phylogenetic trees?

Back

All of the above (Structural similarities, Fossil records, DNA analysis)

Front

What is a cladogram?

Back

A type of phylogenetic tree that shows evolutionary relationships using shared traits