AP Human geography Unit 6 Flashcards

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Suburbanization

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Movement of upper and middle-class people from urban core areas to the surrounding outskirts to escape pollution as well as deteriorating social conditions (perceived and actual). In North America, the process began in the early nineteenth century and became a mass phenomenon by the second half of the twentieth century.

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urban hierarchy

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A ranking of settlements (hamlet, village, town, city, metropolis) according to their size and economic functions.

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Megacities

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cities with more than 10 million people

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Rank-Size Rule (Zipf's Law)

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The population of a city/town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy

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Primate city

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A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

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Christaller's central place theory

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a geographical theory that seeks to explain the number, size and location of human settlements in a residential system

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Gravity model

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A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

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Burgess concentric-zone model

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This model was devised in the 1920s by Ernest Burgess to predict and explain the growth patterns of North American urban spaces. Its main principle is that cities can be viewed from above as a series of concentric rings; as the city grows and expands, new rings are added and old ones

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Hoyt sector model

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the theory of urban structure that a city develops in a series of certain sectors, instead of rings.

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Zones of Abandonment

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Areas that no longer have value to investors and are abandoned by businesses