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Crusades

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wars fought in the Levant by European Christian countries against the Muslims in the Middle Ages

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disillusionment

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disappointed because the idea you believed to be good and true now seems less true

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expel

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to force somebody to leave a country

Spain under Ferdinand and Isabella did this to Jews and Muslims. 

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nation

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A group of people or country with the same language and culture, who live in an area under one government

By the end of the Middle Ages, these began forming with strong kings or queens, such as England. 

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unify

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to join people or parts of a country together

By the end of the Middle Ages, monarchs began doing this with the people of their lands.

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plague

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any disease that spreads quickly and kills a lot of people

One of these killed ½ of Europe’s population in the Middle Ages

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scarcity

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not enough of something or something is difficult to obtain and costs more money

After the plague, there was a shortage of labor, which led to an increase in pay for peasants.