Unit 7 Review

The most immediate cause of the Reformation included —

• Erasmus’ publishing of The Praise of Folly

• Henry VIII’s plea to Pope Clement VII for an annulment

• Martin Luther’s posting of the Ninety-five Theses

• John Calvin’s establishment of a theocracy in Geneva

Which factor contributed most to the development of the Renaissance in Italy?

• Nobles in Italy had been military leaders in the Crusades.

• City-states in Italy had become wealthy from trade.

• The region had become politically unified under one Italian king.

• The Catholic Church provided political stability to the region.

Which sixteenth century scientist proposed the heliocentric theory which was later supported by Galileo?

• Eli Whitney

• Isaac Newton

• Robert Boyle

• Nicolaus Copernicus

Which scientist applied reason and rationality to devise his laws of motion?

• Isaac Newton

• Robert Boyle

• Albert Einstein

• James Watt

Which scientific field was most influenced by the experiments and discoveries of Robert Boyle in the seventeenth century?

• Biology

• Physics

• Medicine

• Chemistry

Which factor was most influential in encouraging scientific inquiry during the Scientific Revolution in sixteenth-century Europe?

• Publication/collaboration of new theories related to astronomy

• Introduction of new products from the Americas

• Creation of a navigation school by Prince Henry

• Invention of the new methods of accounting

How did Gutenberg's invention of the printing press contribute to the Reformation?

• Universities used printing presses to create huge libraries.

• The Bible was printed in vernacular languages leading to greater criticism of the Church.

• Maps could be updated and printed more regularly to improve navigation.

• The Catholic Church printed messages from the Pope encouraging missionaries to travel and gain converts.

Which description best reflects the relationship between religion and the secular world during the Renaissance?

• Humanist writers and philosophers whose ideas fostered individual expression and intellectual freedom supported the Catholic Church.

• The relationship between politics and religion became strained, and the political influence of the Catholic Church weakened

• Renewed interest in the Classical Greek and Roman texts led to closer ties between the Catholic Church and secular institutions.

• Protestant emphasis on the individual’s personal relationship with God was reflected in the size of new churches being built.

Which sixteenth century Italian literary work is still studied today for its insights on political power?

• Canterbury Tales

• The Praise of Folly

• Julius Caesar

• The Prince

Which Enlightenment thinker is known for advocating religious tolerance and freedom of expression?

• Blackstone

• Wollstonecraft

• Voltaire

• de Montesquieu