Plants

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Vascular plants

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Plants that have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for the transport of water, minerals, and food (e.g., flowering plants).

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Non-vascular plants

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Simple, low-growing plants that lack the xylem and phloem for transporting materials (e.g., algae and mosses).

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Chloroplast

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A cell organelle in plants that captures energy from sunlight and uses it to produce food.

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Grana

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Stacks of coin-shaped discs inside chloroplasts where photosynthesis takes place.

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Chlorophyll

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A pigment that gives plants their green color.

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Producer

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An organism that creates its own food (plants).

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Consumer

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An organism that cannot create its own food and must eat other plants and/or animals for energy.

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Food chain

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The sequence of energy transfer in the form of food from organism to organism.

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Photosynthesis

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A chemical process that occurs in plants, algae, and some bacteria when they are exposed to sunlight.

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Cellular respiration

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The process where cells convert energy from glucose into usable energy.