S2 Biology Respiration Revision

Front

What do all living organisms require in order to survive?

Back

Energy

Front

Cells of all living organisms carry out what in order to release chemical energy?

Back

Respiration

Front

The raw materials and products of aerobic respiration in plant, animal and yeast cells are what?

Back

Raw Materials:

• Glucose: A simple sugar that provides the energy source for respiration. 

• Oxygen: A gas necessary for the complete breakdown of glucose. 

Products:

• Carbon Dioxide (CO2): A waste gas released during the process. 

• Water (H2O): A byproduct of the reaction. 

• ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate): The primary energy currency of the cell, used to power cellular activities. 

Front

How do plant cells acquire the raw materials needed for respiration?

Back

Plant cells obtain the raw materials for respiration through a combination of photosynthesis and gas exchange. During photosynthesis, they produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water, which is then used in respiration. They also take in oxygen for aerobic respiration through stomata and other specialized structures, while releasing carbon dioxide as a by-product. 

Front

How do animal cells acquire the raw materials needed for respiration?

Back

Animals acquire the raw materials for respiration through external intake (oxygen from air) and internal transport (glucose from food). 

Front

How do yeast cells acquire the raw materials needed for respiration?

Back

Yeast cells acquire the raw materials for respiration primarily by absorbing glucose from their environment, which they then break down to release energy. In the presence of oxygen, they perform aerobic respiration, producing carbon dioxide and water as byproducts. In the absence of oxygen, they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), yielding carbon dioxide and ethanol. 

Front

State the raw materials and products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in animal cells.

Back

In animal cells, anaerobic respiration (fermentation) uses glucose as a raw material and produces lactic acid and ATP as products. 

Front

State the raw materials and products of anaerobic respiration (fermentation) in plant and yeast cells.

Back

In plant and yeast cells undergoing anaerobic respiration (fermentation), the raw material is glucose. The products are typically ethanol and carbon dioxide. 

Front

Which factors affect the rate of respiration?

Back

Several factors can influence the rate of respiration. These include temperature, oxygen availability, carbon dioxide levels, glucose concentration, and the type of tissue or organism. Additionally, factors like exercise, stress, and certain health conditions can also impact respiratory rate. 

Front

What happens to the products of aerobic respiration and fermentation?

Back

Aerobic respiration produces carbon dioxide and water, while fermentation produces various products depending on the organism and conditions, including lactic acid, ethanol, or other organic molecules. Both processes generate ATP (energy) from glucose, but fermentation is less efficient and produces fewer ATP molecules than aerobic respiration.