AP Biology Transcription and Translation

Front

What is transcription in the context of molecular biology?

Back

Transcription is the process by which the genetic information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA).

Front

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA)?

Back

mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis during translation, carrying the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome.

Front

What is translation in molecular biology?

Back

Translation is the process by which ribosomes synthesize proteins using the information carried by mRNA.

Front

What is the genetic code?

Back

The genetic code is a set of rules that defines how the sequence of nucleotides in mRNA is translated into the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Front

What are codons?

Back

Codons are sequences of three nucleotides in mRNA that correspond to specific amino acids or stop signals during protein synthesis.

Front

What is a start codon?

Back

A start codon is the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript that is translated by a ribosome, typically AUG, which codes for methionine.

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What is an anticodon?

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An anticodon is a sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that is complementary to a corresponding codon in mRNA.

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What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA)?

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tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching its anticodon with the corresponding codon on the mRNA.

Front

What is ribosomal RNA (rRNA)?

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rRNA is a type of RNA that, along with proteins, makes up the ribosome, the site of protein synthesis.

Front

What is RNA splicing?

Back

RNA splicing is the process of removing introns from pre-mRNA and joining exons together to form a mature mRNA molecule.