History of Architecture II: Byzantine Architecture

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What is Byzantine architecture?

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Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire, characterized by grand domes, intricate mosaics, and a blend of Roman engineering with Greek and Christian influences.

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What is the most famous example of Byzantine architecture?

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Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (Istanbul) is the most famous example, showcasing innovative use of pendentives to support a massive central dome.

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What are pendentives?

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Pendentives are curved triangular sections that allow domes to rest on a square base, creating spacious and lofty interiors.

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What are the three types of domes mentioned in Byzantine architecture?

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1. Simple Dome 2. Compound Dome 3. Special Dome.

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What is a compound dome?

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A compound dome rests on drums or secondary domes, distributing weight more evenly and creating a harmonious vertical space.

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What is a special dome?

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A special dome is divided into curved or ribbed segments, resembling a pumpkin or melon, creating lightweight yet strong domes.

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What architectural achievement is Hagia Sophia known for?

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Hagia Sophia revolutionized Byzantine architecture with its innovative design and engineering, featuring a dome with a diameter of 31.7 meters and a height of 55.6 meters.

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What effect do the 40 arched windows of Hagia Sophia create?

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The windows allow light to filter in, making the dome appear as if it’s 'floating', symbolizing divine presence and heavenly light.

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What are the two main types of plans used in Byzantine churches?

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1. Centralized Plan 2. Cross-in-Square Plan.

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What is the significance of the cross-in-square plan?

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The cross-in-square plan became the standard for Byzantine churches during the Middle Byzantine period, creating a balanced and compact interior.