What is the main difference between artificial and natural selection?

Artificial selection is human-guided; natural selection is environment-driven

What makes GMOs unique?

Their genes are modified by humans.

What is transcription in the context of protein synthesis?

Transcription is the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, and it plays a crucial role in protein synthesis by serving as the first step in decoding a gene into a protein.

Possible effects of mutations due to changes in the DNA sequence.

No effect, beneficial, or harmful

What is an example of a functional adaptation, and how does it benefit survival?

Fish gills allow them to extract oxygen from water.

Define and give an example of camouflage and mimicry.

Camouflage is when an animal blends into its environment; mimicry is when an animal looks like another species.

Explain the difference between positive, neutral, and negative mutations.

Positive mutations increase an organism's fitness, neutral mutations have no effect, and negative mutations decrease fitness.

Darwin’s voyage on the HMS Beagle led him to study finches and tortoises. What did these observations shape?

His theory of evolution by natural selection

Variation within a population can lead to adaptation and eventually result in natural selection. Which example best illustrates this process?

A population of moths changing color over time to blend in with their environment.

A process of copying data from one location to another.

A process of converting DNA into RNA

A type of DNA formed by joining DNA molecules from different sources

A process of choosing specific organisms to reproduce based on desired traits

Why is DNA important?

It serves as the blueprint for the traits of all living things.

Phenotype of offspring? (A - Brown hair; a - Blond hair)

75% Brown Hair and 25% Blond Hair

What is the role of mRNA in protein synthesis?

To serve as a template for assembling proteins

Example of behavioral adaptation: Webbed feet in ducks Photosynthesis in plants Thick fur on polar bears Birds migrating to warmer regions during winter

Birds migrating to warmer regions during winter

What is the significance of genetic variation in a population?

It provides a basis for natural selection.

What did Darwin argue about the finches on the Galapagos Islands?

Natural variations in beak shapes allowed them to evolve.

What gave Charles Darwin the idea of evolution?

Finches in the Galapagos Islands

Which of the following is an example of behavioral adaptation? Birds migrating to warmer regions during the winter, Thick fur in polar bears, Webbed feet in ducks, Photosynthesis in plants

Birds migrating to warmer regions during the winter

Genetics & Evolution Test Flashcards

Student preview

49 questions

Show all answers

1.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

What is the primary function of DNA in living organisms?

Back

To store and transmit genetic information

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

2.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

During which process is messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesized from a DNA template?

Back

Transcription

3.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which of the following best describes a mutation?

Back

A permanent change in the DNA sequence of a gene

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

4.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which type of mutation is considered neutral in terms of its effect on an organism?

Back

A mutation that has no effect on the organism's fitness.

5.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Darwin's finch study showed:

Back

Species adapt over time through natural selection

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-4

6.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

Which is a structural adaptation? Options: Bear hibernation, Antibiotic resistance, Duck's webbed feet, Plant bending toward light

Back

Duck's webbed feet

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS4-2

7.

FLASHCARD QUESTION

Front

How does mimicry benefit organisms in nature?

Back

Resembling dangerous species

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

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