Leibniz and Masham's Philosophical Concepts

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Lady Damaris Masham was

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An English philosopher who corresponded with Locke and Leibniz

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What is Leibniz’s theory of pre-established harmony?

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All substances act independently but in perfect synchronization

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How did Masham critique pre-established harmony?

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She believed it eliminated human free will

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According to Leibniz, what are monads?

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Tiny, indivisible, independent substances that make up reality

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Why did Masham challenge Leibniz’s concept of monads?

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She doubted their ability to interact and explain real-world change

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What major philosophical issue did Masham and Leibniz debate?

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The nature of free will versus determinism

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How did Leibniz defend his theory against Masham’s critiques?

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He argued that free will exists within the structure of pre-established harmony