Unit 6 AP Bio Test Review

Front

What are promoters?

Back

Promoters are specific DNA sequences where transcription begins, allowing RNA polymerase to bind and initiate the process of transcription.

Front

In which direction are new nucleotides synthesized during DNA replication?

Back

New nucleotides are synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, meaning they are added to the 3' end of the growing strand.

Front

What are the three main steps of transcription in eukaryotes?

Back

The three main steps of transcription in eukaryotes are Initiation, Elongation, and Termination.

Front

What is the function of tRNA?

Back

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.

Front

Where is DNA primarily located in a eukaryotic cell?

Back

DNA is primarily located in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.

Front

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Back

RNA polymerase is the enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template during the process of transcription.

Front

What is a codon?

Back

A codon is a sequence of three nucleotides on mRNA that corresponds to a specific amino acid or stop signal during protein synthesis.

Front

What is the difference between introns and exons?

Back

Introns are non-coding sequences in a gene that are removed during RNA processing, while exons are coding sequences that remain in the final mRNA.

Front

What is the significance of the 5' cap and poly-A tail in mRNA?

Back

The 5' cap protects mRNA from degradation and helps in ribosome binding, while the poly-A tail aids in the stability and export of mRNA from the nucleus.

Front

What is the function of ribosomes in protein synthesis?

Back

Ribosomes are the cellular structures where translation occurs, facilitating the assembly of amino acids into polypeptides based on the sequence of codons in mRNA.