7.1 Chromosomes and Phenotype

Front

What is a carrier in genetics?

Back

A carrier is a person who does not have a genetic disorder but can pass it on to offspring.

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What does heterozygous mean?

Back

Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, one inherited from each parent.

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What is a homotgametous male?

Back

A homotgametous male has two identical sex chromosomes, such as ZZ.

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What is a heterogametous female?

Back

A heterogametous female has two different sex chromosomes, such as ZW.

Front

What is X inactivation?

Back

X inactivation is a process in which one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals is randomly inactivated.

Front

Does X inactivation occur in males?

Back

No, X inactivation occurs only in females.

Front

What is the significance of X chromosome inactivation?

Back

It equalizes the dosage of X-linked genes between males (XY) and females (XX).

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What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?

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Dominant alleles express their trait even when only one copy is present, while recessive alleles require two copies to express their trait.

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What is a phenotype?

Back

A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by both genetic makeup and environmental influences.

Front

What is the role of the Y chromosome?

Back

The Y chromosome is involved in determining male sex characteristics and is passed from father to son.